also 居る
- godan verb, intransitive, usually in kana, humble to be (animate); to be; to exist
- auxiliary verb, godan verb, after the -te form of a verb; indicates continuing action to be ...-ing
- after the -te form of a verb; indicates continuing state to have ...-ed; to be ...-ed
- suffix, godan verb, after the -masu stem of a verb; indicates contempt or disdain for another's actions to (have the audacity to) do